What's in?

Table of contents

• Treebank composition
• Grammar for the computational processing
• Annotation guidelines
• Tagset
  • Lexical and part-of-speech tags
  • Part-of-speech tags
  • Inflection tags
  • Gramatical tags
  • Semantic role tags

Treebank composition

The CINTIL-Treebank is a corpus of syntactic trees of constituencies and dependencies, composed of sentences taken from the CINTIL-International Corpus of Portuguese. This treebank is being developed and maintained at the University of Lisbon by the NLX-Natural Language and Speech Group of the Department of Informatics.

The CINTIL-Treebank is currently under development. At present it is composed of 35499 sentences. The treebank is composed of sentences taken from the CINTIL-International Corpus of Portuguese (newspaper articles) and sentences of the regression corpus of the grammar LXGram.

Grammar for the computational processing

The annotation of CINTIL-Treebank is performed according to the method of annotation presented in the literature as that which ensures most confiability in the results obtained: multiple independent annotation, followed by adjudication. The parser tree chosen in the annotation was produced by LXGram, a grammar for the computational processing of Portuguese. It is being developed under the following major design features:

• precision:
  it is a precision grammar delivering accurate, linguistically grounded information of natural language sentences
• deep processing:
  it is a grammar for deep linguistic processing in as much as besides information on the major syntactic dimensions of grammatical constituency and dependency, it delivers (and generates from) fully-fledged logical representation of the meaning of natural language sentences
• large-scale:
  it is planned not to leave out any sort of regular grammatical construction or phenomena.
• multi-purpose:
  it is intended to make available as much linguistic information as it can possible be made explicit by automatic means, given the current state of the art in language technology, with the goal of offering itself to support the largest possible range of language technology applications.

Annotation guidelines

The treebank was designed along the principles described in the following handbooks:

Branco António, João Silva, Francisco Costa, Sérgio Castro, 2011, CINTIL TreeBank Handbook: Design options for the representation of syntactic constituency. Department of Informatics, University of Lisbon, Technical Reports series, nb. di-fcul-tp-11-02.

Branco António, Sérgio Castro, João Silva, Francisco Costa, 2011, CINTIL DepBank Handbook: Design options for the representation of grammatical dependencies. Department of Informatics, University of Lisbon, Technical Reports series, nb. di-fcul-tr-11-03.

Tagset

Lexical and part-of-speech tags

Tag	Meaning
A	Adjective
AP	Adjective Phrase
ADV	Adverb
ADVP	Adverb Phrase
C	Complementizer
CP	Complementizer Phrase
CARD	Cardinal
CONJ	Conjuction
CONJP	Conjuction Phrase
D	Determiner
DEM	Demonstrative
N	Noun
NP	Noun Phrase
P	Preposition
PP	Preposition Phrase
POSS	Possessive
QNT	Predeterminer
S	Sentence
V	Verb
VP	Verb Phrase

Part-of-speech tags

Inflection tags

Gramatical Function Tagset

Tag	Meaning
C	Complement
DO	Direct Object
IO	Indirect Object
M	Modifier
N	Relationship between words and named entities
OBL	Oblique Complement
PRD	Predicate
SJ	Subject
SP	Specifier

Semantic Role Tagset

Tag	Meaning
ADV	Adverbial
ARG1	First Argument
ARG2	Second Argument
ARGA	Causative agent of verb with causative alternance
CAU	Cause
DIR	Direction
EXT	Extension
LOC	Localization
MNR	Mode
NULL	Null
PNC	Objective
POV	Viewpoint
PRD	Secondary predication
TMP	Time